Exploring high school teachers' inclusion of statistics in intermediate algebra

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.1032

Keywords:

Statistics education research; Multiple case study; Secondary mathematics education; Statistical literacy; Practicing mathematics teachers

Abstract

As statistics content standards are increasingly embedded in U.S. high school mathematics curricula, Intermediate Algebra has become a key course for students’ statistical learning. This multiple case study used survey and interview data to examine how 10 high school mathematics teachers described their inclusion of statistics within Intermediate Algebra, as well as the rationales and curricular decisions guiding that work. Across cases, statistical literacy emerged as a shared instructional goal for including statistics in the course; teachers emphasized that learning statistics prepares students for the workplace and future professions, informed citizenship and personal choices, or both. Although teachers described teaching similar statistics content––primarily descriptive statistics, probability, and statistical association––statistical inference received comparatively limited attention. These findings highlight both the opportunities and constraints of including statistics content within Intermediate Algebra and offer implications for curriculum design, teacher preparation, and professional learning.

Author Biographies

Maria Cruciani, Michigan State University

Maria Cruciani is graduate student in the Program in Mathematics Education and the Department of Statistics and Probability at Michigan State University. 

Elizabeth G. Arnold, Montana State University

Dr. Elizabeth Arnold is an Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at Montana State University. 

Jennifer Green, Michigan State University

Dr. Jennifer Green is an Associate Professor of Statistics Education in the Department of Statistics and Probability and the Program in Mathematics Education at Michigan State University. 

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Published

2026-10-06

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